Phrase by 'Cesare Beccaria'

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To show men that crimes can be pardoned, and that punishment is not their inevitable consequence, encourages the illusion of impunity and induces the belief that, since there are pardons, those sentences which are not pardoned are violent acts of force rather than the products of justice.

Author: Cesare Beccaria - Italian Judge
  Men , Justice , Illusion , Punishment


No man can be judged a criminal until he is found guilty; nor can society take from him the public protection until it has been proved that he has violated the conditions on which it was granted. What right, then, but that of power, can authorize the punishment of a citizen so long as there remains any doubt of his guilt?

Author: Cesare Beccaria - Italian Judge
  Long , Man , Society , Power


The severity of punishments ought to be relative to the state of the nation itself. Stronger and more easily felt impressions have to be made on a people only just out of the savage state. A lightning strike is needed to stop a fierce lion who is provoked by a gunshot.

Author: Cesare Beccaria - Italian Judge
  People , Fierce , Nation , Lion


No man ever freely surrendered a portion of his own liberty for the sake of the public good; such a chimera appears only in fiction. If it were possible, we would each prefer that the pacts binding others did not bind us; every man sees himself as the centre of all the world's affairs.

Author: Cesare Beccaria - Italian Judge
  World , Good , Man , Liberty


By 'justice', I understand nothing more than that bond which is necessary to keep the interest of individuals united, without which men would return to their original state of barbarity. All punishments which exceed the necessity of preserving this bond are, in their nature, unjust.

Author: Cesare Beccaria - Italian Judge
  Men , Nature , Justice , Bond


In every human society, there is an effort continually tending to confer on one part the height of power and happiness, and to reduce the other to the extreme of weakness and misery. The intent of good laws is to oppose this effort and to diffuse their influence universally and equally.

Author: Cesare Beccaria - Italian Judge
  Good , Society , Power , Happiness


The moral and political principles that govern men are derived from three sources: revelation, natural law, and the artificial conventions of society. With regard to its main purpose, there is no comparison between the first and the others; but all three are alike in that they all lead towards happiness in this mortal life.

Author: Cesare Beccaria - Italian Judge
  Life , Society , Men , Happiness


If the same punishment is prescribed for two crimes that injure society in different degrees, then men will face no stronger deterrent from committing the greater crime if they find it in their advantage to do so.

Author: Cesare Beccaria - Italian Judge
  Society , Men , Face , Punishment


For every criminal case, the judge must construct a perfect syllogism: the major premise must be the general law; the minor premise, whether or not the action in question is in compliance with the law; and the conclusion, acquittal or punishment.

Author: Cesare Beccaria - Italian Judge
  Judge , Action , Law , Perfect


The lawgiver ought to be gentle, lenient and humane. The lawgiver ought to be a skilled architect who raises his building on the foundation of self-love, and the interest of all ought to be the product of the interests of each.

Author: Cesare Beccaria - Italian Judge
  Building , Foundation , Product , Self-Love


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